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A Trailblazer’s Journey
Mary Jane Patterson, a remarkable African-American educator, left an indelible mark on history. Born on September 12, 1840, in Raleigh, North Carolina, she defied societal norms and became the first Black woman to earn a B.A. degree in 1862. Her legacy continues to inspire generations, but what led to her untimely demise?
The Life of Mary Jane Patterson
Mary Jane Patterson was the eldest child of Henry Irving Patterson and Emeline Eliza Taylor. Although records vary, most sources agree that she had between seven and ten siblings. Her father, a bricklayer and plasterer, gained his freedom in 1840, moving the family north to Ohio. Settling in Oberlin, Ohio, they joined a vibrant community of black families, including freed and fugitive slaves.
A Scholar and a Trailblazer
Patterson’s pursuit of education defied conventions. At Oberlin College, she chose a curriculum typically reserved for men: Greek, Latin, and higher mathematics. Her determination paid off, and in 1862, she became the first African-American woman to hold a college degree. Her teaching career took her from Chillicothe, Ohio, to Philadelphia, where she assisted Fanny Jackson Coppin. Later, she taught in Washington, D.C., at the Preparatory High School for Colored Youth (now Dunbar High School). As the school’s first Black principal, she elevated its intellectual standards, expanding its student body and introducing high school commencements.
The Mysterious End
Sadly, Mary Jane Patterson’s journey was cut short. On September 24, 1894, she passed away in Washington, D.C., at the age of 54. The cause of her death remains veiled in mystery. Some accounts suggest that she continued teaching until her last days, while others hint at financial difficulties. Regardless, her legacy endures—a beacon of resilience, intellect, and unwavering commitment to education.
