Drowning is the most common cause of death for paddlers in small crafts such as canoes, kayaks, and rafts. According to the United States Coast Guard, there were 167 reported paddling deaths in 2019, and 86% of these deaths were due to drowning.
Paddlers are more than twice as likely to drown as individuals operating larger vessels. This higher rate of fatalities can be attributed to two factors: paddlers and others in small boats don’t consider themselves “boaters” and fail to follow the same safe practices as other vessel operators; and many who use small boats don’t have the skills or knowledge they need to operate their small, unstable craft safely.
One of the most important safety practices for paddlers is to wear a personal flotation device (PFD) at all times. Sadly, kayak drowning statistics showed that 80% of the victims were not wearing PFDs when the mishaps occurred. Otherwise, they could have lived.
Another key factor that contributes to paddling fatalities is hazardous water and weather conditions. The water can bring surprises — wind changes directions; tidal waves occur; trees fall and float on the water; sudden rain or fog reduces visibility to a dangerous level. Small boats are vulnerable—they will capsize easily when strong winds suddenly change the currents, especially when someone paddles in an unsteady boat. Paddlers should consult the water body’s map, learn the hazard warning signs, and check weather information before going kayaking in a new area.
Paddlers are also at risk of hypothermia, a condition where the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a dangerously low body temperature. Paddle crafts are fully exposed to weather conditions and temperatures; thus, the body can suffer hypothermia when the air turns frigid. Paddlers should wear thermal garments when kayaking in cold weather, and stay hydrated.
A final factor that can increase the likelihood of paddling accidents is the lack of experience of the operator. Most paddlers take up kayaking as a hobby in their free time, and may not have the proper training or education on how to paddle safely and efficiently. Paddling a small craft is a skill best learned through hands-on training, which teaches how to balance and stabilize the craft, paddle efficiently, exit and enter the craft on the water, and perform rescue and recovery.
Paddling can be a fun and enjoyable activity, but it also comes with risks and responsibilities. Paddlers should always follow the basic safety rules, such as wearing a PFD, checking the weather and water conditions, avoiding alcohol and drugs, and getting proper instruction and education. By doing so, they can reduce the chances of becoming a statistic, and enjoy the water safely and responsibly.
